Wantage Township is governed under the Township form of government with a three-member Township Committee. The Township Committee is elected directly by the voters in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with one seat coming up for election each year. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor.
Wantage Township is in the Fifth Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th Legislative District. New Jersey's Fifth Congressional District, covering the northern portions of Bergen County, Passaic County and Sussex County and all of Warren County, is represented by Scott Garrett. Sussex County is governed by a five-member Board of Chosen Freeholders.
Public school students in Kindergarten through eighth grade attend the school of the Sussex-Wantage Regional School District, together with children from Sussex Borough. The three schools in the district are the Clifton E. Lawrence School in Wantage, Wantage Elementary School in Sussex and Sussex Middle School in Sussex.
For grades 9 - 12, public school students attend High Point Regional High School, located in Sussex. Attending the school are students from Branchville, Frankford Township, Lafayette Township, Sussex Borough and from Wantage Township.